Loading... ### Ingress-Nginx 基本概念与核心功能 > Ingress-Nginx 是 Kubernetes 生态中最流行的 **Ingress Controller** 实现之一,用于管理集群外部到内部服务的 HTTP (S) 流量。它本质上是一个基于 Nginx 的负载均衡器,通过 Kubernetes 的 Ingress 资源进行配置。 #### **1. 基本概念** ##### **1.1 Ingress vs Ingress Controller** * **Ingress**:Kubernetes 的 API 对象,定义了外部访问集群内服务的规则(如域名、路径、TLS 配置等)。 * **Ingress Controller**:具体实现这些规则的组件(如 Nginx、Traefik、HAProxy 等),负责将流量转发到后端服务。 ##### **1.2 Ingress-Nginx 的角色** * 作为 Kubernetes 集群的 "前门",接收所有外部 HTTP (S) 流量。 * 根据 Ingress 资源的配置,将请求路由到对应的后端 Service。 * 提供负载均衡、SSL 终止、路径重写、访问控制等功能。 #### **2. 流程逻辑** ##### **2.1 组件交互流程** ```plaintext 客户端请求 → 负载均衡器(如云厂商 LB 或 NodePort) → Ingress-Nginx Pod → 根据 Ingress 规则 → 后端 Service → Pod ``` ##### **2.2 关键步骤详解** 1. **部署 Ingress-Nginx**: * 在集群中部署 Ingress-Nginx Controller(通常作为 DaemonSet 或 Deployment)。 * 创建 Service(类型为 LoadBalancer 或 NodePort)暴露 Controller。 2. **定义 Ingress 规则**: yaml ```yaml apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1 kind: Ingress metadata: name: my-ingress spec: rules: - host: example.com http: paths: - path: /api pathType: Prefix backend: service: name: backend-service port: number: 8080 ``` 3. **规则生效**: * Ingress-Nginx 监控 Ingress 资源的变化,动态更新 Nginx 配置。 * 当请求到达时,根据 host 和 path 匹配规则,转发到对应 Service。 #### **3. 使用场景** ##### **3.1 域名路由** * 将不同域名的请求路由到不同服务: yaml ```yaml spec: rules: - host: api.example.com http: ... # 路由到 API 服务 - host: www.example.com http: ... # 路由到前端服务 ``` ##### **3.2 路径前缀路由** * 根据 URL 路径将请求分发到不同服务: yaml ```yaml spec: rules: - host: example.com http: paths: - path: /api backend: { service: { name: api-service } } - path: /web backend: { service: { name: web-service } } ``` ##### **3.3 SSL/TLS 终止** * 在 Ingress 层处理 HTTPS 请求,卸载 SSL 证书管理: yaml ```yaml spec: tls: - hosts: - example.com secretName: tls-secret # 包含证书和私钥的 Secret ``` ##### **3.4 负载均衡与流量控制** * 通过 Ingress-Nginx 实现请求限流、重试策略、加权负载均衡等。 ##### **3.5 微服务网关** * 作为微服务架构的统一入口,处理认证、授权、API 聚合等功能。 #### **4. 优势与最佳实践** ##### **4.1 优势** * **声明式配置**:通过 Ingress 资源定义规则,无需直接修改 Nginx 配置。 * **动态更新**:配置变更实时生效,无需重启服务。 * **扩展性**:支持丰富的注解(Annotations)扩展功能。 #### 5.Ingress-Nginx部署 ##### 5.1部署Ingress-Nginx > 下面配置内容是已经替换好的(可以直接CV使用),在 K8S 主节点上创建`ingress-deploy.yaml`文件内容,内容如下,然后进行`kubectl apply -f ingress-deploy.yaml` 就可以了! ```shell [root@k8s-master01 k8s-demo]# cat ingress-deploy.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: Namespace metadata: labels: app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx name: ingress-nginx --- apiVersion: v1 automountServiceAccountToken: true kind: ServiceAccount metadata: labels: app.kubernetes.io/component: controller app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.9.1 name: ingress-nginx namespace: ingress-nginx --- apiVersion: v1 kind: ServiceAccount metadata: labels: app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.9.1 name: ingress-nginx-admission namespace: ingress-nginx --- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: Role metadata: labels: app.kubernetes.io/component: controller app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.9.1 name: ingress-nginx namespace: ingress-nginx rules: - apiGroups: - "" resources: - namespaces verbs: - get - apiGroups: - "" resources: - configmaps - pods - secrets - endpoints verbs: - get - list - watch - apiGroups: - "" resources: - services verbs: - get - list - watch - apiGroups: - networking.k8s.io resources: - ingresses verbs: - get - list - watch - apiGroups: - networking.k8s.io resources: - ingresses/status verbs: - update - apiGroups: - networking.k8s.io resources: - ingressclasses verbs: - get - list - watch - apiGroups: - coordination.k8s.io resourceNames: - ingress-nginx-leader resources: - leases verbs: - get - update - apiGroups: - coordination.k8s.io resources: - leases verbs: - create - apiGroups: - "" resources: - events verbs: - create - patch - apiGroups: - discovery.k8s.io resources: - endpointslices verbs: - list - watch - get --- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: Role metadata: labels: app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.9.1 name: ingress-nginx-admission namespace: ingress-nginx rules: - apiGroups: - "" resources: - secrets verbs: - get - create --- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: ClusterRole metadata: labels: app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.9.1 name: ingress-nginx rules: - apiGroups: - "" resources: - configmaps - endpoints - nodes - pods - secrets - namespaces verbs: - list - watch - apiGroups: - coordination.k8s.io resources: - leases verbs: - list - watch - apiGroups: - "" resources: - nodes verbs: - get - apiGroups: - "" resources: - services verbs: - get - list - watch - apiGroups: - networking.k8s.io resources: - ingresses verbs: - get - list - watch - apiGroups: - "" resources: - events verbs: - create - patch - apiGroups: - networking.k8s.io resources: - ingresses/status verbs: - update - apiGroups: - networking.k8s.io resources: - ingressclasses verbs: - get - list - watch - apiGroups: - discovery.k8s.io resources: - endpointslices verbs: - list - watch - get --- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: ClusterRole metadata: labels: app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.9.1 name: ingress-nginx-admission rules: - apiGroups: - admissionregistration.k8s.io resources: - validatingwebhookconfigurations verbs: - get - update --- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: RoleBinding metadata: labels: app.kubernetes.io/component: controller app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.9.1 name: ingress-nginx namespace: ingress-nginx roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: Role name: ingress-nginx subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: ingress-nginx namespace: ingress-nginx --- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: RoleBinding metadata: labels: app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.9.1 name: ingress-nginx-admission namespace: ingress-nginx roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: Role name: ingress-nginx-admission subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: ingress-nginx-admission namespace: ingress-nginx --- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: ClusterRoleBinding metadata: labels: app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.9.1 name: ingress-nginx roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: ClusterRole name: ingress-nginx subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: ingress-nginx namespace: ingress-nginx --- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: ClusterRoleBinding metadata: labels: app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.9.1 name: ingress-nginx-admission roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: ClusterRole name: ingress-nginx-admission subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: ingress-nginx-admission namespace: ingress-nginx --- apiVersion: v1 data: allow-snippet-annotations: "false" kind: ConfigMap metadata: labels: app.kubernetes.io/component: controller app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.9.1 name: ingress-nginx-controller namespace: ingress-nginx --- apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: labels: app.kubernetes.io/component: controller app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.9.1 name: ingress-nginx-controller namespace: ingress-nginx spec: externalTrafficPolicy: Local ipFamilies: - IPv4 ipFamilyPolicy: SingleStack ports: - appProtocol: http name: http port: 80 protocol: TCP targetPort: http - appProtocol: https name: https port: 443 protocol: TCP targetPort: https selector: app.kubernetes.io/component: controller app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx type: LoadBalancer --- apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: labels: app.kubernetes.io/component: controller app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.9.1 name: ingress-nginx-controller-admission namespace: ingress-nginx spec: ports: - appProtocol: https name: https-webhook port: 443 targetPort: webhook selector: app.kubernetes.io/component: controller app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx type: ClusterIP --- apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: labels: app.kubernetes.io/component: controller app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.9.1 name: ingress-nginx-controller namespace: ingress-nginx spec: minReadySeconds: 0 revisionHistoryLimit: 10 selector: matchLabels: app.kubernetes.io/component: controller app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx strategy: rollingUpdate: maxUnavailable: 1 type: RollingUpdate template: metadata: labels: app.kubernetes.io/component: controller app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.9.1 spec: hostNetwork: true #与宿主机共享网络 tolerations: #设置能在master上部署 - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master operator: Exists nodeName: k8s-master01 containers: - args: - /nginx-ingress-controller - --publish-service=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/ingress-nginx-controller - --election-id=ingress-nginx-leader - --controller-class=k8s.io/ingress-nginx - --ingress-class=nginx - --configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/ingress-nginx-controller - --validating-webhook=:8443 - --validating-webhook-certificate=/usr/local/certificates/cert - --validating-webhook-key=/usr/local/certificates/key env: - name: POD_NAME valueFrom: fieldRef: fieldPath: metadata.name - name: POD_NAMESPACE valueFrom: fieldRef: fieldPath: metadata.namespace - name: LD_PRELOAD value: /usr/local/lib/libmimalloc.so image: bitnami/nginx-ingress-controller:1.9.1 imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent lifecycle: preStop: exec: command: - /wait-shutdown livenessProbe: failureThreshold: 5 httpGet: path: /healthz port: 10254 scheme: HTTP initialDelaySeconds: 10 periodSeconds: 10 successThreshold: 1 timeoutSeconds: 1 name: controller ports: - containerPort: 80 name: http protocol: TCP - containerPort: 443 name: https protocol: TCP - containerPort: 8443 name: webhook protocol: TCP readinessProbe: failureThreshold: 3 httpGet: path: /healthz port: 10254 scheme: HTTP initialDelaySeconds: 10 periodSeconds: 10 successThreshold: 1 timeoutSeconds: 1 resources: requests: cpu: 100m memory: 90Mi securityContext: allowPrivilegeEscalation: true capabilities: add: - NET_BIND_SERVICE drop: - ALL runAsUser: 101 volumeMounts: - mountPath: /usr/local/certificates/ name: webhook-cert readOnly: true dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst nodeSelector: kubernetes.io/os: linux serviceAccountName: ingress-nginx terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 300 volumes: - name: webhook-cert secret: secretName: ingress-nginx-admission --- apiVersion: batch/v1 kind: Job metadata: labels: app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.9.1 name: ingress-nginx-admission-create namespace: ingress-nginx spec: template: metadata: labels: app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.9.1 name: ingress-nginx-admission-create spec: containers: - args: - create - --host=ingress-nginx-controller-admission,ingress-nginx-controller-admission.$(POD_NAMESPACE).svc - --namespace=$(POD_NAMESPACE) - --secret-name=ingress-nginx-admission env: - name: POD_NAMESPACE valueFrom: fieldRef: fieldPath: metadata.namespace image: dyrnq/kube-webhook-certgen:v20230407 imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent name: create securityContext: allowPrivilegeEscalation: false nodeSelector: kubernetes.io/os: linux restartPolicy: OnFailure securityContext: fsGroup: 2000 runAsNonRoot: true runAsUser: 2000 serviceAccountName: ingress-nginx-admission --- apiVersion: batch/v1 kind: Job metadata: labels: app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.9.1 name: ingress-nginx-admission-patch namespace: ingress-nginx spec: template: metadata: labels: app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.9.1 name: ingress-nginx-admission-patch spec: containers: - args: - patch - --webhook-name=ingress-nginx-admission - --namespace=$(POD_NAMESPACE) - --patch-mutating=false - --secret-name=ingress-nginx-admission - --patch-failure-policy=Fail env: - name: POD_NAMESPACE valueFrom: fieldRef: fieldPath: metadata.namespace image: dyrnq/kube-webhook-certgen:v20230407 imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent name: patch securityContext: allowPrivilegeEscalation: false nodeSelector: kubernetes.io/os: linux restartPolicy: OnFailure securityContext: fsGroup: 2000 runAsNonRoot: true runAsUser: 2000 serviceAccountName: ingress-nginx-admission --- apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1 kind: IngressClass metadata: labels: app.kubernetes.io/component: controller app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.9.1 name: nginx spec: controller: k8s.io/ingress-nginx --- apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1 kind: NetworkPolicy metadata: labels: app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.9.1 name: ingress-nginx-admission namespace: ingress-nginx spec: egress: - {} podSelector: matchLabels: app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx policyTypes: - Ingress - Egress --- apiVersion: admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1 kind: ValidatingWebhookConfiguration metadata: labels: app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.9.1 name: ingress-nginx-admission webhooks: - admissionReviewVersions: - v1 clientConfig: service: name: ingress-nginx-controller-admission namespace: ingress-nginx path: /networking/v1/ingresses failurePolicy: Fail matchPolicy: Equivalent name: validate.nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io rules: - apiGroups: - networking.k8s.io apiVersions: - v1 operations: - CREATE - UPDATE resources: - ingresses sideEffects: None ``` **注意**:按照上述部署完毕后其实有个问题,我们需要保证`ingress-nginx-controller`部署在 `Master` 节点上,否则无法进行正确的访问,所以还需要修改`Ingress部署配置文件`的一处位置,让其部署在主节点上:  ##### 5.2 验证Ingress-Nginx > 等待一会儿,通过 `kubectl get pods -A` 查看,发现 Ingress-Nginx 成功部署完毕! ```shell [root@k8s-master01 k8s-demo]# kubectl get pods -A NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE ingress-nginx ingress-nginx-admission-create-rf2f6 0/1 Completed 0 6h6m ingress-nginx ingress-nginx-admission-patch-k5nqw 0/1 Completed 1 6h6m ingress-nginx ingress-nginx-controller-647479f4f9-jzrjg 1/1 Running 0 6h6m ``` 最后修改:2025 年 05 月 10 日 © 允许规范转载 打赏 赞赏作者 支付宝微信 赞 如果觉得我的文章对你有用,请随意赞赏